Bwanji kusankha bokosi loletsa kusinthasintha kwa magetsi?

Mu mafakitale monga kupanga zamagetsi, kupanga ma semiconductor, ndi kusonkhanitsa zigawo zolondola, magetsi osasunthika amakhala chiwopsezo chobisika koma choopsa—chimene chimapangitsa bokosi losinthira magetsi lotsutsana ndi static kukhala chida chofunikira kwambiri m'malo mongowonjezera. Ma static charges, omwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa chifukwa cha kukangana pakati pa zinthu panthawi yonyamula kapena kusungira, amatha kuwononga mosavuta zida zamagetsi zodziwika bwino monga ma microchip, ma circuit board, kapena masensa. Ngakhale kutulutsa pang'ono kosasunthika, kosawoneka ndi maso, kumatha kuyatsa ma circuit amkati, kupangitsa zinthu kukhala zopanda pake, ndikupangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe kapena kutayidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu fakitale yazinthu zamafoni, bolodi limodzi losatetezedwa lomwe limawonekera ku static lingalephere mayeso abwino pambuyo pake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchedwa kwa mzere wonse wopanga. Kuphatikiza apo, static imatha kukopa fumbi ndi zinyalala, zomwe zimamatira kuzinthu zolondola ndikuwononga magwiridwe antchito awo—vuto lina lofunika kwambiri lomwe bokosi losinthira magetsi lotsutsana ndi static limalimbana nalo poletsa kukwera kwa magetsi poyamba. Kupatula kuteteza zinthu, zotengerazi zimatetezanso antchito: m'malo okhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyaka (monga mankhwala ena kapena mankhwala), ma static sparks amatha kuyatsa utsi, ndikupanga zoopsa zachitetezo. Mwachidule, bokosi losinthira magetsi la ESD ndi njira yothandiza yochepetsera kutayika kwa ndalama, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, ndikusunga chitetezo kuntchito.

Zinthu zomwe zili mu bokosi la ESD turnoverbox zimapangidwa makamaka kuti zithetse zoopsa zosasunthika pamene zikukwaniritsa zosowa zenizeni zamafakitale. Choyamba, kapangidwe kake ka zinthu ndikofunikira kwambiri—zambiri zimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki yapamwamba kwambiri yoyendetsa kapena yotaya zinthu, yomwe imaphatikizapo zowonjezera monga kaboni wakuda kapena ulusi wachitsulo. Zinthuzi sizimachotsa zosasunthika kwathunthu koma zimatumiza zolipiritsa pansi mosamala, kupewa kusonkhanitsa zomwe zingawononge zomwe zili mkati. Mosiyana ndi zotengera zapulasitiki wamba, zomwe zimatha kusunga zosasunthika kwa maola ambiri, mitundu yotsutsana ndi zosasunthika imachotsa zolipiritsa mkati mwa masekondi, monga momwe zimayesedwera ndi miyezo yamakampani kuti zitsimikizire kukana pamwamba (nthawi zambiri pakati pa 10^4 ndi 10^11 ohms).

Kulimba ndi chinthu china chodziwika bwino. Mabotolo awa adapangidwa kuti azitha kupirira zovuta za pansi pa fakitale, m'nyumba zosungiramo katundu, ndi zotumizira—amalimbana ndi kugwedezeka, chinyezi, ndi kutayikira kwa mankhwala (kofala popanga zamagetsi), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yayitali ngakhale ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi m'mphepete zolimba ndi nthiti zokulungika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu zisungidwe bwino popanda kugwa, zomwe zimasunga malo osungira.

Magwiridwe antchito nawonso sanyalanyazidwa. Mabokosi ambiri osinthira a ESD osagwirizana ndi static amabwera ndi zosankha zomwe mungasinthe: zogawa zochotseka kuti zilekanitse zigawo zing'onozing'ono, zivindikiro zowonekera bwino kuti ziwonekere mosavuta zomwe zili mkati, ndi zogwirira zokhazikika kuti zinyamulidwe bwino. Ena ali ndi malo olembera ophatikizika kuti azitsatira zomwe zili m'sitolo, tsatanetsatane wofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zambiri. Chofunika kwambiri, zotengerazi zimagwirizana ndi zida zina zotsutsana ndi static, monga mphasa zoyambira pansi kapena ma CD oyendetsera zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yotetezera static.

Mwachidule, bokosi loletsa kusinthasintha limathetsa vuto lalikulu la mafakitale poletsa kuwonongeka kosasinthasintha, pomwe kapangidwe kake kolimba komanso kogwira ntchito kamawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku m'mafakitale.