Kulima mbande nthawi zonse kwakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera ulimi wa ndiwo zamasamba. Ndiwo zamasamba zimakhala ndi zofooka zambiri pakulima mbande zachikhalidwe, monga kuchuluka kochepa kwa mbande zolimba ndi mbande zofanana, ndipo mathireyi a mbewu amatha kubwezera zofooka izi. Tiyeni tiphunzire za njira zaukadaulo zobzala ndiwo zamasamba m'mathireyi a mbande.
1. Kusankha mathireyi a mbewu
Kukula kwa thireyi ya mbewu nthawi zambiri kumakhala 54 * 28cm, ndipo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mabowo 32, mabowo 72, mabowo 105, mabowo 128, mabowo 288, ndi zina zotero. Sankhani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thireyi ya mbewu malinga ndi kukula kwa mbande za ndiwo zamasamba. Pa mbande zazikulu, sankhani thireyi ya mbewu yokhala ndi mabowo ochepa, ndipo pa mbande zazing'ono, sankhani thireyi ya mbewu yokhala ndi mabowo ambiri. Mwachitsanzo: pa mbande za phwetekere zokhala ndi masamba enieni 6-7, sankhani mabowo 72, ndipo pa phwetekere yokhala ndi masamba enieni 4-5, sankhani mabowo 105 kapena 128.
2. Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu thireyi ya mbewu
Kupatula mathireyi atsopano omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba, mathireyi akale ayenera kutsukidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda musanayambe kulima mbande kuti apewe kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzera mu mathireyi a ana. Pali njira zingapo zotsukitsira. Njira imodzi ndi kunyowetsa thireyi ya mbande ndi yankho la 0.1% mpaka 0.5% la potassium permanganate kwa maola opitilira 4; yachiwiri ndi kupopera thireyi ya mbande ndi yankho la 1% mpaka 2% la formalin, kenako ndikuphimba ndi filimu ya pulasitiki ndikuipaka fumbi kwa maola 24; yachitatu ndi kuinyowetsa ndi ufa wa bleaching wa 10% kwa mphindi 10 mpaka 20, kenako ndikutsuka thireyi ya mbande ndi madzi oyera kuti mugwiritse ntchito.
3. Nthawi yobzala
Kudziwa nthawi yobzala mbewu nthawi zambiri kumadalira mbali zitatu za cholinga cha ulimi (kukhwima msanga kapena nthawi yophukira), njira yolimitsira (kulima malo kapena kulima m'munda) ndi kutentha komwe kumafunika kuti mbewu zikule. Kawirikawiri, kubzala kumachitika pafupifupi mwezi umodzi mbande za ndiwo zamasamba zisanabzalidwe.
4. Kukonzekera nthaka yokhala ndi michere
Dothi lopatsa thanzi likhoza kugulidwa ngati gawo lopangidwa kale la mbande, kapena likhoza kukonzedwa nokha motsatira njira ya peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1. Sakanizani 200g ya ufa wonyowa wa 50% carbendazim mu cubic mita iliyonse ya nthaka yopatsa thanzi kuti muphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuyeretsa. Kusakaniza 2.5kg ya feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous yambiri mu cubic mita iliyonse ya nthaka yopatsa thanzi kungathandize kuzika mizu ndi kulimbitsa mbande.
5. Kufesa
Onjezani madzi ku dothi la michere ndikusakaniza mpaka litanyowa, kenako ikani gawo lonyowa mu thireyi ndikulikonza ndi ndodo yayitali yamatabwa. Gawo loyikidwalo liyenera kukanidwa kuti mbewu zizitha kuyikidwa mosavuta. Kuzama kwa dzenje ndi 0.5-1cm. Ikani mbewu zophimbidwa m'mabowo ndi dzanja, mbewu imodzi pa dzenje lililonse. Phimbani ndi dothi louma la michere, kenako gwiritsani ntchito chokokera kuti mukokere kuchokera kumapeto kwa thireyi ya dzenje mpaka kumapeto ena, chotsani dothi lowonjezera la michere, ndikulipanga kukhala lofanana ndi thireyi ya dzenje. Mukabzala, thireyi ya dzenje iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi yake. Kuyang'ana maso ndikuwona madontho amadzi pansi pa thireyi ya dzenje.
6. Kusamalira mutabzala
Mbewu zimafuna kutentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi panthawi yomera. Kutentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala pa 32 ~ 35℃, ndi 18 ~ 20℃ usiku. Palibe kuthirira madzi musanamere. Mukamera masamba enieni, kuthirira kuyenera kuwonjezeka nthawi yake malinga ndi chinyezi cha nthaka cha bedi la mbewu, kusinthana pakati pa youma ndi yonyowa, ndipo kuthirira kulikonse kuyenera kuthiriridwa bwino. Ngati kutentha mu greenhouse kupitirira 35℃, mpweya wabwino uyenera kuchitika kuti uziziritse greenhouse, ndipo filimu ya pansi iyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yake kuti mbande zisatenthedwe ndi kutentha kwambiri.
Mathireyi a mbewu zamasamba amatha kubzala bwino mbande zolimba, kukweza ubwino wa mbande zamasamba, ndikuwonjezera phindu la zachuma la kubzala ndiwo zamasamba. Xi'an Yubo imapereka mitundu yonse ya mathireyi a mbewu kuti akupatseni zosankha zambiri zobzala ndiwo zamasamba.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-23-2024
