Kulima mbande nthawi zonse kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakusamalira masamba. Masamba ali ndi zofooka zambiri pakulima mbande zachikhalidwe, monga mitengo yotsika ya mbande zolimba ndi mbande zofananira, komanso thirelo zambewu zimatha kubweretsa zofooka izi. Tiyeni tiphunzire za luso njira kubzala masamba mbande mbande.
1. Kusankha mbale zambewu
Kukula kwa thireyi yambewu nthawi zambiri kumakhala 54 * 28cm, ndipo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi mabowo 32, mabowo 72, mabowo 105, mabowo 128, mabowo 288, ndi zina zambiri. Pa mbande zazikulu, sankhani thireyi zokhala ndi mabowo ochepa, ndipo pa mbande zing'onozing'ono sankhani thireyi zokhala ndi mabowo ambiri. Mwachitsanzo: kwa mbande za phwetekere zomwe zili ndi masamba enieni 6-7, sankhani mabowo 72, ndipo tomato okhala ndi masamba 4-5 enieni, sankhani mabowo 105 kapena 128.
2. Thireyi yambewu yophera tizilombo
Kupatula thireyi zatsopano zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba, thireyi zakale ziyenera kupha tizilombo tisanakulire mbande kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzera mu nazale. Pali njira zingapo zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Imodzi ndi kuviika thireyi mbande ndi 0.1% mpaka 0.5% potaziyamu permanganate yankho kwa maola oposa anayi; chachiwiri ndi kupopera mbewu thireyi ndi 1% mpaka 2% formalin solution, ndiyeno kuphimba ndi pulasitiki filimu ndi fumigate kwa maola 24; chachitatu ndikuviika ndi 10% ufa wotuwira kwa mphindi 10 mpaka 20, kenaka kutsuka thireyi yobzala ndi madzi aukhondo kuti mugwiritse ntchito.
3. Nthawi yofesa
Kutsimikiza kwa nthawi yofesa nthawi zambiri kumatengera mbali zitatu za cholinga cha kulima (kukhwima koyambirira kapena nthawi yophukira), njira yolima (kulima m'malo kapena kulima) komanso kutentha komwe kumafunikira kuti masamba akule. Nthawi zambiri, kufesa kumachitika pafupifupi mwezi umodzi musanayambe kubzala mbande zamasamba.
4. Kukonzekera nthaka yopatsa thanzi
Dothi lazopatsa thanzi litha kugulidwa ngati gawo lapansi lokonzekera mbande, kapena mutha kukonzekera nokha malinga ndi peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1. Sakanizani 200g ya 50% ya ufa wonyowa wa carbendazim mu kiyubiki mita iliyonse ya dothi lazomera kuti muphe ndi kuthirira. Kusakaniza 2.5kg ya feteleza wa phosphorous wambiri pa kiyubiki mita iliyonse ya dothi lazomera kumathandiza kuzula ndi kulimbikitsa mbande.
5. Kufesa
Onjezani madzi ku dothi lazomangamanga ndikugwedeza mpaka litanyowa, kenaka yikani gawo lonyowa mu thireyi ndikulisakaniza ndi ndodo yayitali. Gawo lapansi loyikapo liyenera kukanikizidwa kuti mbeu zitheke. Kuzama kwa dzenje ndi 0.5-1cm. Ikani njere zokwiriridwa m'mabowo ndi dzanja, mbeu imodzi pa bowo. Phimbani ndi dothi louma lazomangamanga, kenaka gwiritsani ntchito scraper kukwapula kuchokera kumapeto kwa thireyi ya dzenje mpaka kumapeto kwina, chotsani dothi lazopatsa thanzi, ndikulipanga kukhala lofanana ndi thireyi ya bowo. Pambuyo kufesa, thireyi ya dzenje iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi. Kuyang'ana kowoneka ndikuwona madontho amadzi pansi pa thireyi ya dzenje.
6. Kusamalira mukabzala
Mbewu zimafuna kutentha ndi chinyezi chokwera panthawi ya kumera. Kutentha kumasungidwa pa 32 ~ 35 ℃, ndi 18 ~ 20 ℃ usiku. No kuthirira pamaso kumera. Pambuyo pa kumera kwa masamba enieni akuwonekera, kuthirira kuyenera kuchulukidwa nthawi yake molingana ndi chinyezi cha dothi la mbeu, kusinthana pakati pa owuma ndi onyowa, ndipo kuthirira kulikonse kuyenera kuthiriridwa bwino. Ngati kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kupitirira 35 ℃, mpweya wabwino uyenera kuchitidwa kuti uziziziritsa wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo filimu yapansi iyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yake kuti mbande zisamawotche.
Mathirelo amasamba amasamba amatha kukulitsa mbande zolimba, kuwongolera mbande zamasamba, ndikuwonjezera phindu lachuma pakubzala masamba. Xi'an Yubo amakupatsirani thireyi zodzaza mbeu kuti zikupatseni zisankho zambiri zobzala masamba
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-23-2024
